纳米SiO_2改性对UV固化水性木器涂料性能的影响

纳米SiO_2为三维网状结构,比表面积大,具有极大的活性,能在涂料干燥时形成网状结构,增强涂料的强度和表面光滑度。且能提高颜料的悬浮性,保持涂料的颜色长久不变。笔者以纳米SiO_2为改性剂,用以研究其对UV固化水性木器涂料的力学性能和光学性能的影响。为扩大UV固化水性木器涂料的产业化应用提供必要的理论依据。     

3种整地方式下尾巨桉林分生物量动态及其与土壤水分的关系

对3种整地方式下的尾巨桉林分生长和林地土壤水分进行了监测,通过分析各林地的林分单株平均生物量及林地土壤水分的变化,探讨二者的相互关系,以期为合理评估整地对尾巨桉林分生长和水分利用效率的影响提供科学依据。研究结果表明：随着林龄的增长,3种整地方式下尾巨桉林分单株总生物量和各器官生物量均呈增加趋势,其树干和树根所占比例逐渐增加,而树枝和树叶所占比例呈减小趋势。在幼龄期(16个月之前),全垦条件下的尾巨桉林分生长量最大,18个月后带垦的林分生长量最大;3种整地方式下的尾巨桉林地土壤水分的季节变化格局相似,与天然降水分布基本保持一致。3种整地方式中穴垦尾巨桉林地土壤有较高含水率且显著大于全垦和带垦的(P<0.05),全垦与带垦之间差异不显著;3种整地方式下尾巨桉林分单株平均生物量与耗水量之间均呈显著正相关,利用3块林分单株平均生长量及对应时间的耗水量得到了尾巨桉林分单株生长量与林分耗水量的拟合方程。     

草履蚧对林木的危害及防治

草履蚧寄主丰富，一年发生1代，大多数以卵在土中越夏和越冬，翌年1月下旬至2月上旬，在土中开始孵化，若虫出土后沿茎杆上爬至梢部、芽腋或初展新叶刺吸危害。造成树势衰弱生长量降低，危害严重时造成树木死亡。若虫2龄后虫体蜡质增厚，农药不易渗透，防治难度大。我们采用综合防治，针对不同的虫期采取不同的防治方法，取得较好效果。     

黄金槐的嫁接繁育及园林应用

我们采用上年秋季栽植砧木国槐，提前生根，第二年春季采用插皮接，对接穗进行蜡封，存放0-5℃的冷库内推迟发芽，延长嫁接时间，具有省时、省工、管理方便、成活率高等特点，而且砧木国槐可选择树干稍弯的等外苗，经过取直处理，节约了成本，值得推广。简要介绍了黄金槐在园林上的应用。     

油菜籽来源抗氧化物质研究进展

油菜籽中含有多种具有抗氧化活性的物质，为抵御机体的氧化损伤起到了积极作用。本文综述了油菜籽来源的诸多抗氧化活性成分及抗氧化活性的评价方法。油菜籽主要的抗氧化成分有肽类、多酚类、多糖类、生育酚和其它抗氧化成分，其中的肽类主要有三种产生方式：非消化酶酶解、消化酶酶解和发酵。针对油菜籽来源的活性物质抗氧化活性的评价方法，包括体外测定方法（化学检测）和细胞内抗氧化实验和动物实验。综述还探讨了油菜籽抗氧化活性成分研究中存在的问题和解决方法，旨在为油菜籽活性成分的开发和利用提供参考。     

How are the salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, 1837) in Atlantic salmon farming affected by different control efforts: A case study of an intensive production area with coordinated production cycles and changing delousing practices in 2013–2018

The aims of the present study were to describe the salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, 1837) situation in an intensive salmon production area in mid‐Norway and to consider implications of changing practices of how salmon lice infestation can be controlled. The results in this study suggest that there are steps that can be carried out to keep salmon lice under control even during years when the temperature facilitates a quick salmon lice development. The present work indicates that the use of cleaner fish can delay the time it takes adult female lice to reach 0.1 per salmon in the beginning of a production cycle. It suggests that the timing of cleaner fish deployment into salmon cages can influence its effectiveness in controlling salmon lice. It also gives caution to letting salmon lice develop unchecked, even at levels far below the current lice limit, because of the difficulties to control salmon lice when the external infection pressure is too high. This study took place during a rapid change in delousing methods, in an area with coordinated salmon production. Despite its exploratory nature, this study offers insights into the salmon lice fluctuations in relation to efforts aimed at controlling it.     

Variations of SOC and MBC observed in an incubated brown loam soil managed under different tillage systems for 12 years

To assess changes in organic carbon pools, an incubation experiment was conducted under different temperatures and field moisture capacity (FMC) on a brown loam soil from three tillage practices used for 12 years: no‐till (NT), subsoiling (ST) and conventional tillage (CT). Total microbial respiration was measured for incubated soil with and without the input of straw. Results indicated that soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under ST, NT and CT was higher in soil with straw input than that without, while the microbial quotient (MQ or MBC: SOC) and metabolic quotient (qCO₂) content under CT followed the opposite trend. Lower temperature, lower moisture and with straw input contributed to the increases in SOC concentration, especially under NT and ST systems. The SOC concentrations under ST, with temperatures of 30 and 35°C after incubation at 55% FMC, were greater than those under CT by 28.4% and 30.6%, respectively. The increase in MBC was highest at 35°C for 55%, 65% and 75% FMC; in soil under ST, MBC was greater than that under CT by 199.3%, 50.7% and 23.8%, respectively. At 30°C, the lower qCO₂ was obtained in soil incubated under NT and ST. The highest MQ among three tillage practices was measured under ST at 55% FMC, NT at 65% FMC and CT at 75% FMC with straw input. These data indicate the benefits of enhancing the MQ; the low FMC was beneficial to ST treatment. Under higher temperature and drought stress conditions, the adaptive capacity of ST and NT is better than that of CT.     

基于表驱动的动态数据上报管理系统研究

近年来,信息管理系统广泛应用于各个领域,由于大多研发者只着眼于设计开发自己所需求的应用系统,由此产生一系列问题:各领域内系统整体开发效率低下,系统的扩展性和通用性差,造成了资源的大量浪费。本文针对于数据填报及统计类系统领域,设计并实现包含数据访问构件、数据校验构件、空缺数据填补构件和统计结果查询输出构件在内的可复用软件——基于表驱动的动态数据上报管理系统(DDTMS),以解决信息管理系统中数据填报及统计类系统的共性问题。将DDTMS应用到中国林业生态资源环境承载力:数据投放器和中国生态安全指数系统中,试验表明:该可复用软件具有良好的通用性,极大提高了系统开发效率,改善了系统的扩展性,表现出良好的实用性和稳定性。     

不同灌溉方式对农田土壤性状和花生落果率的影响

于2014―2015年度麦茬花生生长季,设置移动式管灌、微喷带灌溉和不灌溉3种处理,研究了不同灌溉方式下农田土壤体积质量、土壤孔隙度、水稳定性土壤团聚体组成、花生产量和花生落果率的变化。结果表明,与移动式管灌处理相比,微喷带灌溉处理的土壤体积质量、粒径小于0.25 mm水稳定性土壤团聚体数量和花生落果率分别降低了7.6%、6.4%和66.8%,土壤孔隙度增加了8.4%,而2处理间花生产量没有显著差异。综合考虑花生产量,土壤物理性状和花生落果率的变化,微喷带灌溉是试验条件下能够降低花生收获难度的灌溉方式。